Isaac Newton
(1642–1727) implicitly confirmed the validity of the Teleological Argument when
he marveled at the design of our solar system.
He wrote, “This most beautiful system of the sun, planets and comets,
could only proceed from the counsel and dominion of an intelligent and powerful
Being.”
Creation is Made of Particles,
Indiscernible to our Eyes
Hebrews 11:3
(written in 64-68AD) By faith we understand that the
worlds were prepared by the word of God, so that what is seen was not made out
of things which are visible.
Not until our
modern atomic era has man understood that there was a time when the universe
did not exist. This is what the big bang
theory proves. Also, not until the 19th
century was it discovered that all visible matter consists of invisible
elements. The first sub-atomic particle
to be discovered by modern science was the electron. It was first discovered by J.J. Thomson in
1897.
Strong and Weak Nuclear Force Explained
Colossians 1:17
He is before all things, and in Him all things hold
together.
Hebrews
1:3 And He is the radiance of His glory and the exact representation of His
nature, and upholds all things by the word of His power. When He had made purification of sins, He sat
down at the right hand of the Majesty on high,
Physicists
do not understand what binds the atom's nucleus together. Yet, the Bible states that "all things
consist" - or are held together by the Creator - Jesus Christ.
Atomic Fission Anticipated
2 Peter 3:10-12But the day of the Lord will come like a thief, in which the heavens will pass away with a roar and the elements will be destroyed with intense heat, and the earth and its works will be burned up. 11 Since all
these things are to be destroyed
in this way, what sort of people ought you to be in holy conduct and godliness,
12 looking for and hastening the coming of the day of God, because of which the
heavens will be destroyed by burning, and the elements will melt with intense
heat!
Scripture
states that "the elements will melt with fervent heat" when the earth
and the heavens are "dissolved" by fire. Today we understand that if the elements of
the atom are loosed, there would be an enormous release of heat and energy
(radiation).
Meteorology
Origin of the Rainbow Explained
Genesis
9:13-16 (written 1440 - 1400 B.C.) I set My bow in the cloud, and it shall be for a
sign of a covenant between Me and the earth.
14 It shall come about, when I bring a cloud over the earth, that the
bow will be seen in the cloud, 15 and I will remember My covenant, which is
between Me and you and every living creature of all flesh; and never again
shall the water become a flood to destroy all flesh. 16 When the bow is in the cloud, then I will
look upon it, to remember the everlasting covenant between God and every living
creature of all flesh that is on the earth.”
Prior to the Flood there was a Different Environment on the
Earth
Genesis 2:5-6 (written
1440 - 1400 B.C.) Now no shrub of the field was yet in the earth, and
no plant of the field had yet sprouted, for the Lord God had not sent rain upon
the earth, and there was no man to cultivate the ground. 6 But a mist used to rise from the earth and
water the whole surface of the ground.
After the Flood, God set His rainbow
"in the cloud" as a sign that He would never again judge the earth by
water. Meteorologists now understand
that a rainbow is formed when the sun shines through water droplets - which act
as a prism - separating white light into its color spectrum.
Air Has Weight
Job 28:25 “When He imparted weight to the wind and meted out the waters by
measure,
It
was once thought that air was weightless.
Yet 4,000 years ago Job declared that God established "a weight for
the wind.” In recent years,
meteorologists have calculated that the average thunderstorm holds thousands of
tons of rain. To carry this load, air
must have mass.
Jet Stream Anticipated
Ecclesiastes
1:6 Blowing toward the south, Then turning toward the
north, The wind continues swirling along; And on its circular courses the wind
returns.
At
a time when it was thought that winds blew straight, the Bible declares
"The wind goes toward the south, and turns around to the north; The wind
whirls about continually, and comes again on its circuit.” King Solomon wrote this 3,000 years ago. Now consider this: it was not until World War
II that airmen discovered the jet stream circuit.
Hydrologic Cycle
Ecclesiastes
1:7 All the rivers flow into the sea,
Yet the sea is not full. To the place
where the rivers flow, There they flow again.
Atmospheric Circulation
Ecclesiastes
1:6 Blowing toward the south, Then turning
toward the north, The wind continues swirling along; And on its circular
courses the wind returns.
Atmospheric circulation is the large-scale
movement of air by which heat is distributed on the surface of the Earth. The wind belts and the jet streams girdling
the planet are steered by three convection cells: the Hadley cell, the Ferrel
cell, and the Polar cell.
Oceanography
Mountains and deep Valleys Exist on
the Ocean Floor
Job 38:16
(1950BC or earlier) “Have you entered into the
springs of the sea or walked in the recesses of the deep?”
Jonah 2:5-6
Only in the last century have we discovered that there
are towering mountains and deep trenches in the depths of the sea.
The Challenger
expedition (1873-1876) commenced the first scientific exploration of the ocean
floor, during which a canyon 5 ½ miles deep was discovered in the Pacific.
Fountains of the Deep
Genesis
7:10-11 (written 1440 - 1400 B.C.) It came about after the seven days that the water
of the flood came upon the earth. 11 In
the six hundredth year of Noah’s life, in the second month, on the seventeenth
day of the month, on the same day all the fountains of the great deep burst open
and the floodgates of the sky were opened.
Even as
recently as April 7, 2014, Scientist claim to have “discovered” the Fountains
of the Deep.
God has Given us Just the Right
Amount of Water to Sustain Life
Isaiah
40:12 Who has measured the waters in
the hollow of His hand, And marked off the heavens by the span, And calculated
the dust of the earth by the measure, And weighed the mountains in a balance
And the hills in a pair of scales?
We now
recognize that if there was significantly more or less water, the earth would
not support life as we know it.
Ocean Currents Anticipated
Psalms 8:8
(about 1000BC) The birds of the heavens and the
fish of the sea, whatever passes through the paths of the seas.
Isaiah 43:16
(746-680BC) Thus says the Lord, Who makes a
way through the sea and a path through the mighty waters…
Three
thousand years ago the Bible described the "paths of the seas.” However, since the 19th century (late 1800’s)
Dr. Matthew Maury has been considered the “father of modern oceanography” He
got the idea that there were ocean currents by reading Psalm 8:8. One day while he was sick in bed, he asked
his son to read the Bible to him. One of
the verses his son read was Psalms 8:8.
That particular verse mentioned “paths” in the seas. Believing that the Bible must be correct
about these “paths”, he set out to find them.
As a result, Dr. Maury was the first to discover (in modern times) that
the seas were circulating systems with interaction between wind and water. Maury researched and had discovered ocean
currents that follow specific paths through the seas! Utilizing Maury's data, marine navigators
have since reduced by many days the time required to traverse the seas.
Oceans Contain Springs (1950BC or
even earlier)
Job 38:16
(1950BC or earlier) “Have you entered into the
springs of the sea or walked in the recesses of the deep?”
The ocean is very
deep. Almost all the ocean floor is in
total darkness and the pressure there is enormous. It would have been impossible for Job to have
explored the "springs of the sea.”
Until recently, it was thought that oceans were fed only by rivers and
rain. Yet in the 1970s, with the help of
deep diving research submarines that were constructed to withstand 6,000
pounds-per-square-inch pressure, oceanographers discovered springs on the ocean
floors! The earliest secular references
to these springs were by the Roman geographer Strabo, who lived from 63BC to
21AD.
Continental Drift Inferred
Genesis 7:11 (written
1440 - 1400 B.C.) In the six hundredth year of Noah’s life, in the second month, on the
seventeenth day of the month, on the same day all the fountains of the great
deep burst open, and the floodgates of the sky were opened.
Today
the study of the ocean floor indicates that the landmasses have been ripped
apart. Scripture states that during the
global Flood the "fountains of the great deep were broken up.” This cataclysmic event apparently resulted in
the continental plates breaking and shifting.
Hydrological Cycle Described
Ecclesiastes
1:7 All the rivers flow into the sea, Yet the sea is
not full. To the place where the rivers
flow, there they flow again.
Jeremiah 10:13 When He utters His voice, there is a tumult of waters in the heavens,
And He causes the clouds to ascend from the end of the earth; He makes
lightning for the rain, And brings out the wind from His storehouses.
Amos 9:6 The One who builds His upper chambers in the heavens and has founded His
vaulted dome over the earth, He who calls for the waters of the sea and pours
them out on the face of the earth, The Lord is His name.
Four thousand
years ago the Bible declared in
Job 36:27-28 For He draws up the drops of water, they distill rain from the mist, 28 which
the clouds pour down, they drip upon man abundantly.
The
ancients observed mighty rivers flowing into the ocean, but they could not
conceive why the sea level never rose.
Though they observed rainfall, they had only quaint theories as to its
origin. Meteorologists now understand
that the hydrological cycle consists of evaporation, atmospheric
transportation, distillation, and precipitation.
Earth and the Stars
The Earth Free-Floats in Space Affected only by
Gravity
Job 26:7 “He stretches out the north over empty space and
hangs the earth on nothing.
While other sources
declared the earth sat on the back of an elephant or turtle, or was held up by
Atlas, the Bible alone states what we now know to be true - "He hangs the
earth on nothing."
The Earth is a
Sphere
Isaiah 40:22
(746-680 BC) It is He who sits
above the circle of the earth, and its inhabitants are like grasshoppers, Who
stretches out the heavens like a curtain And spreads them out like a tent to
dwell in.
At a time when many
thought the earth was flat, the Bible told us that the earth is spherical.
Scripture assumes a
revolving (spherical) earth
Luke 17:34-36 (60AD) I tell you, on that
night there will be two in one bed; one will be taken and the other will be
left. 35 There will be two women
grinding at the same place; one will be taken and the other will be left. 36 Two men will be in the field; one will be
taken and the other will be left.”
Jesus said that at His return some would be asleep at
night while others would be working at day time activities in the field. This is a clear indication of a revolving
earth, with day and night occurring simultaneously.
Incalculable number
of stars
Jeremiah 33:22 As the host of heaven
cannot be counted and the sand of the sea cannot be measured, so I will
multiply the descendants of David My servant and the Levites who minister to
Me.’”
At a time when less than 5,000 stars were visible to
the human eye, God stated that the stars of heaven were innumerable. Not until the 17th century did Galileo
glimpse the immensity of our universe with his new telescope. Today, astronomers estimate that there are
ten thousand billion trillion stars - that's a 1 followed by 25 zeros! Yet, as the Bible states, scientists admit
this number may be woefully inadequate.
The Number of Stars,
Though vast, are Finite
Isaiah 40:26 Lift up your eyes on high And see who has created these stars, The One
who leads forth their host by number, He calls them all by name; Because of the
greatness of His might and the strength of His power, Not one of them is
missing.
Although man is unable to calculate the exact number
of stars, we now know their number is finite.
Of course God knew this all along - "He counts the number of the
stars; He calls them all by name" What an awesome God!
Psalm 147:4 He counts the number of the stars; He gives names to all of them.
The Bible compares
the Number of Stars with the Number of Grains of Sand on the Seashore
Genesis 22:17 (written
1440 - 1400 B.C.) Indeed I will greatly
bless you, and I will greatly multiply your seed as the stars of the heavens
and as the sand which is on the seashore; and your seed shall possess the gate
of their enemies.
Hebrews 11:12 Therefore there was born even of one man, and him as
good as dead at that, as many descendants as the stars of heaven in number, and
innumerable as the sand which is by the seashore.
Amazingly, gross
estimates of the number of sand grains are comparable to the estimated number
of stars in the universe.
Black holes and dark
matter anticipated
Matthew 25:30 Throw out the worthless slave into the outer darkness; in that place
there will be weeping and gnashing of teeth.
Jude 1:13 Wild waves of the sea, casting up their own shame like foam; wandering
stars, for whom the black darkness has been reserved forever.
Isaiah 50:3 “I clothe the heavens with blackness And make sackcloth their covering.”
Cosmologists now speculate that over 98% of the known
universe is comprised of dark matter, with dark energy and black holes. A black hole's gravitational field is so
strong that nothing, not even light, escapes.
Beyond the expanding universe there is no measured radiation and
therefore only outer darkness exists.
These theories paint a seemingly accurate description of what the Bible
calls "outer darkness" or "the blackness of darkness
forever."
The sun goes in a Circuit
Psalm 19:6 Its rising is from one end of the heavens, and its circuit to the other
end of them; and there is nothing hidden from its heat.
Some scientists scoffed at this verse thinking that
it taught geocentricity - the theory that the sun revolves around the
earth. They insisted the sun was
stationary. However, we now know that
the sun is traveling through space at approximately 600,000 miles per
hour. It is literally moving through
space in a huge circuit - just as the Bible stated 3,000 years ago!
The Universe is Expanding
Job 9:8 Who alone stretches out the heavens and tramples down the waves of the
sea;
Isaiah 42:5 Thus says God the Lord, Who created the heavens and stretched them out,
Who spread out the earth and its offspring, Who gives breath to the people on
it And spirit to those who walk in it,
Jeremiah 51:15 It is He who made
the earth by His power, Who established the world by His wisdom, And by His
understanding He stretched out the heavens.
Zechariah 12:1 (Jerusalem to Be Attacked) The burden of the
word of the Lord concerning Israel. Thus
declares the Lord who stretches out the heavens, lays the foundation of the
earth, and forms the spirit of man within him,
Repeatedly God declares that He stretches out the
heavens. During the early 20th century,
most scientists (including Einstein) believed the universe was static. Others believed it should have collapsed due
to gravity. Then in 1929, astronomer
Edwin Hubble showed that distant galaxies were receding from the earth, and the
further away they were, the faster they were moving. This discovery revolutionized the field of
astronomy. Einstein admitted his
mistake, and today most astronomers agree with what the Creator told us
millennia ago - the universe is expanding!
Each Star is Unique
1 Corinthians 15:41 There is one glory
of the sun, and another glory of the moon, and another glory of the stars; for
star differs from star in glory.
Centuries before the advent of the telescope, the
Bible declared what only God and the angels knew - each star varies in size and
intensity!
The Pleiades and
Orion Star Clusters Described
Job 38:31 “Can you bind the chains of the Pleiades, or loose the cords of Orion?
The Pleiades star cluster is
gravitationally bound, while the Orion star cluster is loose and disintegrating
because the gravity of the cluster is not enough to bind the group
together. 4,000 years ago God asked Job,
"Can you bind the cluster of the Pleiades, or loose the belt of
Orion?” Yet, it is only recently that we
realized that the Pleiades is gravitationally bound, but Orion's stars are
flying apart.
The earth was designed for
biological life (The Anthropic Principle or the Fine Tuning Argument)
Isaiah 45:18 (746-680BC)
For thus says the Lord, who created the heavens (He
is the God who formed the earth and made it, He established it and did not
create it a waste place, but formed it to be inhabited), “I am the Lord, and
there is none else.
In the 20th
century, scientists have discovered that the most fundamental characteristics
of our earth and cosmos are so finely tuned that if just one of them were even
slightly different, life as we know it couldn't exist. This is called the Anthropic Principle and it
agrees with the Bible which states that God formed the earth to be inhabited.
1. The fine-tuning of the universe to support
life is either due to law, chance or design.
2. It is not due to law or chance.
3. Therefore, the fine-tuning is due to design.
So, what is
fine tuning? British cosmologist and
astrophysicist Martin Rees explains in his book Just Six Numbers: The Deep Forces That Shape The Universe exactly
what is meant by the fine tuning of the universe for life. A reviewer of the book posted these comments
on Amazon.com:
“The first is a ratio of the
strength of the electrical forces that hold atoms together divided by the force
of gravity between them. It is very
large, about 1036, and were it a few zeros shorter, only a short-lived
miniature universe could exist and there would be no time for biological
evolution.
“The
second number is also a ratio and is the proportion of energy that is released
when hydrogen fuses into helium. This
number is 0.007, and if it were 0.006 or 0.008 we could not exist.
“The third number, also a ratio,
relates the actual density of matter in the universe to a 'critical' density. At first sight this number appears to be
about 0.4. If this ratio were too high the
universe would have collapsed long ago: if too low, galaxies or stars would not
have formed.
“The fourth number, only recently
discovered, is a cosmic 'antigravity' and appears to control the expansion of
the universe even though it has no discernible effect on scales less than a
billion light years.
“The fifth number is the ratio of
the energy required to break apart a galaxy compared to its 'rest mass energy'
and is about 10-5. If this ratio were
smaller the universe would be inert and structure-less: if much larger the
universe would be so violent that no stars or sun systems could survive.
“The sixth number, surprisingly, is
the number of spatial dimensions in our world (3). Life could not exist if this was 2 or 4.”
Premise 1 is
basically uncontroversial among scientists.
Evidence shows that the constants of physics have been finely tuned to a
degree not possible through human engineering.
Atheist theoretical physicist and cosmologist Stephen Hawking agrees
that the universe is fine tuned.
Francis
Collins: Atheist Richard Dawkins Admits Universe’s Fine-Tuning Difficult to
Explain
Outspoken
evangelical geneticist Francis Collins revealed that combative atheist Richard
Dawkins admitted to him during a conversation that the most troubling argument
for nonbelievers to counter is the fine-tuning of the universe.
“If they
(constants in the universe) were set at a value that was just a tiny bit
different, one part in a billion, the whole thing wouldn’t work anymore,” said
Collins, the director of the National Institutes of Health, during the 31st
Annual Christian Scholars’ Conference at Pepperdine University in Malibu, Calif
(Vu, 2011) .
Premise 2 asks “How do we know it is not due to physical
necessity or chance?” Well, for it to be
due to physical necessity there would have to be something built-in to the
nature of the universe which dictates that the universal constants could not
have been otherwise. But no cosmologist
actually thinks this, because there are countless possible combinations of
values for the universal constants, or for the initial conditions of the Big
Bang. There simply isn’t a reason to
think the universe had to be this was from a purely naturalistic standpoint.
The best bet for a naturalistic explanation of the fine
tuning of the universe is chance.
However, the reason why appealing to chance is a weak position is
because it is so monumentally improbable for the universe to have the
properties it has to sustain life.
Dr. Hugh Ross gives the following analogy in his book, The
Creator and the Cosmos (p.115):
“One part in 1037 is such an incredibly sensitive balance
that it is hard to visualize. The
following analogy might help: Cover the entire North American continent in
dimes all the way up to the moon, a height of about 239,000 miles (In
comparison, the money to pay for the U.S. federal government debt would cover
one square mile less than two feet deep with dimes.). Next, pile dimes from here to the moon on a
billion other continents the same size as North America. Paint one dime red and mix it into the
billions of piles of dimes. Blindfold a
friend and ask him to pick out one dime. The odds that he will pick the red dime are
one in 1037” (http://www.godandscience.org/apologetics/designun.html).
Cambridge University astronomer and mathematician Fred
Hoyle commenting on the incredible fine-tuning necessary for life to exist:
“A common sense interpretation of
the facts suggests that a super-intellect has monkeyed with physics, as well as
with chemistry and biology, and that there are no blind forces worth speaking
about in nature. The numbers one
calculates from the facts seem to me so overwhelming as to put this conclusion
almost beyond question.”
So, if the
universe didn’t have to be fine-tuned this way, and the universal constants
being the way they are by chance is so radically improbable, then the third
option is that the universe was set up, and when we look at complex things such
as a Boeing 747, it is more likely to have been designed than to have randomly
come about by chance, and things that have been a design imply a designer.
Entropy
Psalms
102:25-26 (1000BC) “Of old You founded the earth, and the heavens are the work of Your hands.
26 even they will perish, but You endure; and all of
them will wear out like a garment; like clothing You will change them and they
will be changed.”
Isaiah 51:6 (740-680BC)
“Lift up your eyes to the sky, then look to the
earth beneath; for the sky will vanish like smoke, and the earth will wear out
like a garment and its inhabitants will die in like manner; but My salvation
will be forever, and My righteousness will not wane.”
Hebrews 1:10-11
(64-68AD) And,“You, Lord, in the beginning laid the
foundation of the earth, and the heavens are the works of Your hands; 11 They will
perish, but You remain; and they all will become old like a garment”
This is the
Second Law of Thermodynamics, only recently formulated by Rudolf (Julius
Emanuel) Clausius in 1850.
The First Law of Thermodynamics
established
Genesis 2:1-2(written
1440 - 1400 B.C.) Thus the heavens and the earth were completed, and all their hosts. 2 By the seventh day God completed His work
which He had done, and He rested on the seventh day from all His work which He
had done.
The First Law
states that the total quantity of energy and matter in the universe is a
constant. One form of energy or matter
may be converted into another, but the total quantity always remains the
same. Therefore the creation is
finished, exactly as God said way back in Genesis (written 1440 - 1400 B.C.).
The Second Law of Thermodynamics
(Entropy) Explained
Psalm 102:25-26
“Of old You founded the earth, and the heavens are
the work of Your hands. 26 “Even
they will perish, but You endure; and all of them will wear out like a garment;
like clothing You will change them and they will be changed.
This law states
that everything in the universe is running down, deteriorating, and constantly
becoming less and less orderly. Entropy
(disorder) entered when mankind rebelled against God - resulting in the curse.
Genesis 3:17(written
1440 - 1400 B.C.) Then to Adam He said, “Because you have listened to the voice of your
wife, and have eaten from the tree about which I commanded you, saying, ‘You
shall not eat from it’; Cursed is the ground because of you; In toil you will
eat of it all the days of your life.
Romans 8:20-22 For the creation was subjected to futility, not willingly, but because of Him who subjected it, in hope 21 that the creation itself also will be set free from its slavery to corruption into the freedom of the glory
of the children of God. 22 For we know that the whole creation groans and suffers the pains of
childbirth together until now.
Historically
most people believed the universe was unchangeable. Yet modern science verifies that the universe
is "grow(ing) old like a garment."
Hebrews 1:11 They will perish, but You remain; and they all will become old like a
garment.
Evolution
directly contradicts this law.
The Big Bang
The Universe
had a Beginning
Genesis 1:1(written 1440 - 1400
B.C.) In
the beginning God created the heavens and the earth.
Hebrews 1:10-12 And,
“You, Lord, in the beginning laid the foundation of the earth, And the heavens
are the works of Your hands; 11
They will perish, but You remain; And they all will become old like a garment, 12 And
like a mantle You will roll them up; Like a garment they will also be
changed. But You are the same, and Your
years will not come to an end.”
Starting with the studies of Albert
Einstein in the early 1900s and continuing today, science has confirmed the
biblical view that the universe had a beginning. When the Bible was written most people
believed the universe was eternal.
Science has proven them wrong, but the Bible correct.
Stephen Hawking
has garnered a lot of admiration and respect as a brilliant physicist and
cosmologist. His book, A Brief History
of Time, is a bestseller for its ability to translate physics and cosmology
into terms that a layman can understand.
So, when he came out recently promoting his new book claiming,
"There is a sound scientific explanation for the making of our world—no
Gods required" a lot of people took notice. Is our understanding of physics really
sufficient to conclude that we know everything necessary to explain the
existence of everything?
[1]
Deem, R. (2012, April 25). Why Stephen
Hawking is Wrong About God Not Creating the Universe. Retrieved from: http://www.godandscience.org/apologetics/hawking_no_gods_necessary.html.
What
new theory?
In his new
book, Hawking claims that the reason the universe needs no creator is due to a
"new theory" called M-theory (where "M" stands for
"membrane," or just "m," or "murky" or
"missing"[1]
depending upon one's particular version of the theory). Originally promoted as
"superstring" theory 20 years ago, it has evolved from
"strings" to "membranes," although all forms of the theory
propose extra dimensions (11, in fact). However,
M-theory is no single theory, but, rather, a number of theories through which
one may obtain just about anything one wants.
How one can test such a nebulous set of theories, which
"predict" just about anything and everything, seems to be a problem.
M-theory:
science or faith?
The nature of
the universe requires that membranes from M-theory, if they exist at all, must
be on the order of Planck length (10-35 m).
Such a size is way less than microscopic or even well below subatomic
particle sizes. In order to confirm such
objects, one would need an accelerator on the order of 6,000,000,000,000,000
miles in circumference.[2] It would seem likely, therefore, that
confirmation of M-theory, based upon observable data, is impossible. Do such a set of theories that predict
everything and anything and are not testable through observational data really
fall within the realm of science?
Whence
the laws of physics?
According to
Stephen Hawking, "Because there is a law such as gravity, the universe can
and will create itself from nothing. Spontaneous
creation is the reason there is something rather than nothing, why the universe
exists, why we exist." However, neither gravity nor any other law of
physics provides a mechanism by which universe can be spontaneously created.
The question Hawking never answered was why those laws of physics exist?
Although it is possible for things such as particles to pop into existence from
"nothing," it has never been shown that non-quantum-sized objects can
perform such feats. Even if it were possible, why would it be expected that
such laws of physics would exist that universes to be created from nothing? Why wouldn't a true nothing consist of no laws
of physics and no possibility of anything popping into existence?
Conclusion
So, Stephen
Hawking wants us to believe that a nebulous set of theories, which cannot be
confirmed through observational data, absolutely establishes that an infinite
number of diverse universes exist, having been created from laws of physics
that just happen to allow this. John
Horgan, a fellow atheist, says that the popularity of M-theory is the result of
"stubborn refusal of enthusiasts to abandon their faith."[3]
Is it not more likely that a super-intelligent, powerful Being invented the
laws of physics that produced the universe?
Skeptics always ask, "Who created God?” Maybe they already have the answer to that
question—Nothing! After all, they seem
to think that nothing is a powerful force for creating things!
[1] String
People: Ed Witten.
[2] Cosmic
Clowning: Stephen Hawking's "new" theory of everything is the same
old CRAP by John Horgan (Scientific American).
[3] ibid.
"For more than two decades string theory has been the most popular
candidate for the unified theory that Hawking envisioned 30 years ago. Yet this
popularity stems not from the theory's actual merits but rather from the lack
of decent alternatives and the stubborn refusal of enthusiasts to abandon their
faith."
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